Michael Heumann

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is the largest and most expensive fusion machine ever built, with a projected cost of between $20B and $24B and final-stage completion now pushed out to 2039. Meanwhile, commercial machines like Commonwealth Fusion Systems’ ARC are expected to deliver 400 MW of electricity in the early 2030s at a fraction of ITER’s price. The Fusion Report traces ITER’s four decades of international cooperation and schedule slips, compares its progress against NIF’s ignition milestones and EAST’s long-pulse records, and weighs what ITER can still uniquely deliver. The verdict: ITER’s value may now rest on being an insurance policy, one that only pays off if commercial fusion slips.

Fusion and AI-powered robots have crossed paths in fiction since 1927’s Metropolis, with Iron Man’s Arc Reactor and the Terminator’s atomic batteries pushing the idea into popular culture. The Fusion Report looks at what it would actually take to drop a fusion device inside a robot. Avalanche Energy’s Orbitron, CFS SPARC, and Helion’s 19-meter machine all clear the power output bar. The size bar is a different story. Fusion can power the grid that powers the robots. A Terminator with a fusion machine in its chest is a longer wait.

Bob Mumgaard, CEO of Commonwealth Fusion Systems, said fusion needs to hit $50/MWh to succeed. But US wholesale prices swing from $24 to $260/MWh by region, Europe and Japan run $95 to $100/MWh. AI data centers paying behind the meter face $150 to $300/MWh. $50/MWh is a goal, not a requirement. The real bar is facility Q>10.